There are two key assumptions in a market economy:

• No monopolies
• Information symmetry

Price is a number derived from the market’s value-driven game. However, if the evaluators of value fail (such as when evaluators are absent or have impure motives), leading to information asymmetry about value, the market can only evaluate goods based on price, resulting in the "bad money drives out good" problem.

Sellers engage in price wars to compete on who can offer the lowest price. Since the product's cost is fixed, how does a seller still make a profit? A responsible seller would push for technological advancements to lower marginal costs. But what about unscrupulous sellers? It's simple—they adulterate the product and sell inferior goods.